Article forming apparatus



" JSma'ZFe NOV. 13, 1945. J TH 2,388,876

ART I CLE I FORMING APPARATUS Filed Feb. 7, 1940 7 Sheets-Sheet 1 Nov; 13; 1945.

7 Sheets-Sheet 2 I I I 9 -4! w -s o 2 5? e/Y g a 2 2'22? 55 2 P? Nov. 13, 1945. AQJ. SMITH I ARTICLE.FORMING APPARATUS Fild Feb. '7, 1940 7 Sheets-Sheet 3 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Feb. 7, 1940 a rim all/471114 n l/Ar/I/l/I/Zlfi all. ESE, m7 'IIIIIIIIII W7 Jfgii% flii orieeys Nov. 13,1945. A. J. SMITH ARTICLE FORMING APPARATU S Filed Feb. '7, 1940 I 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 Z50 rm 8? Nov. 13, 1945. A. J.- SMITH 2,388,875

I ARTICLE FORMING APPARATUS Fi1ed Feb. '7, 1940 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 ARTICLE FORMING APPARATUS Filed Feb. 7, 1940 7 Sheets-Sheet 7 5777/?7' Fl/V/IL BLOW Patented Nov. 13, I945 ARTICLE FORNHNG APPARATUS Algy 1:. Smith, Hartford, com, assignor in Hartford-Empire Company, Hartford, Conn, a corporation of Delaware Application February 7, 1M0, Serial No. 317,743 (c1. 49-5) 36 Claims.

The present invention relates to article forming apparatus of the type which may be used for forming articles from plastic material, such as glass. More specifically the invention relates to forming apparatus of the continuous chain type by which glass articles, such as narrow neck botv ties, may be formed at a rapid rate.

In the past, continuous chain type machines have been devised and used to some extent for forming hollow articles, such as electric light bulbs, the articles being produced at relatively high rates, in the order of several hundredper minute. 'All such commercial machines have, however, sufiered from certain limitations because portions of the operating means used in forming each article were carried by one conveyor, while other portions thereof were carried by a second, and even a third or fourth conveyor. The conveyors had operative runs appreaching one another at certain zones for the production of articles. Due to this arrangement,

the several elements required in the forming of articles were idle a large proportion of the time. These arrangements were'resorted to due principally to two difliculties incident to the use of chain-type machines; first, the difliculty oi supplyin glassto the machines during the continu ous and rapid movement thereof, and, second, the difllculty o1 supplying the one or more fluids used in or in connection with the forming of the articles to the several operating units also during pressure to all units of the continuously moving conveyor .as aforesaid in such manner that the fluid under pressure can be employed by any and all units at any desired time as for operating pneumatically operated mechanisms carried by those units and employed in actuating certain of the operating instrumentallties thereof.

A further specific object of the present invention is to provide an endless conveyor chain for carrying a plurality-of operating units wherein one or more fluids may be continuously supplied to a chamber within and extending completely through the chain from a sprocket wheel about which the chain passes, means being provided so that the fluid is not lost from the portions of the sprocket, wheel not in contact with any links of the chain, and further means being provided by which the fluid may flow from each link of the chain to the next without substantial loss by leakage or otherwise at the joints between the several links. D

A further object of the present invention is to provide a drive for a sprocket chain conveyor having relatively large links (in respect to the diameter of the sprocket) in which the chain is to be moved continuously and at a uniform speed without loping, particularly by providing a stationary guiding means for'the chain in its approach to the driving sprocket which will control the continuous movement of those units. These difliculties are to a large extent, if not completely, overcome by the present invention.

Among the objects of the present invention are to provide an article forming machine as aforesaid wherein a plurality of complete article forming units are carried continuously by. a single chain-type conveyor moving in a noncircular orbital path.

A further object of the invention along this line is to provide an apparatus by which bottles of the narrow-neck type may be completely formed in each of a plurality of moving units carried by a single conveyor as aforesaid and during the continuous movement or thatunit around a major portion of the circuit or the conveyor path.

Another object of the invention is to provide for the supplying to each or a plurality of article forming units of one or more fluids at one or more different pressures, continuously during the'continuous movement of the units on the conveyor in its orbital path as aforesaid.

the position of the links up to the time they are respectively in such contact with the sprocket that there will be no relative movement between the links and the sprocket upon the release of the links from the control of the stationary guiding means.

A further general object of the present invention is to provide suitable means by which a plurality or article. forming units moving continuously on a chain-type conveyor may be supplied with separated charges of plastic material in a moldable condition, specifically by providing astationary inclined charge-guiding means or chute along which the charges are supplied, of which at least the lower or delivery portion lies in the vertical plane including the path of the units to be supplied, in coordination with chargeguiding means moving with the units at least during the charging thereof for guiding the charges from the stationary chute into the several units.

A further object of the present invention is to provide certain novel mechanisms for use in the ing in the neck-end thereof, then for supplying counterblowing pressure to complete the forming of a blank or parison in the blank mold and thereafter for supplying final blowing presmre toexpand a blank or parison to final form in the .blow mold. The last of these operations is efpoint or zone, and particularly wherein provision is made so that the vacuum applied through the head is effective on a relativelyiarge portion of the bottom of the completed article, while deformation or marking of the bottom portion of this article is prevented by closingall apertures through the head during the time the article is being expanded to final form in the blow mold.

A further object of the invention is to provide a chain type machine as aforesaid, wherein the chain moves in a path located in a substantially vertical plane having substantially horizontal upper and lower runs. the forming of the article taking place throughout a major portion and preferably substantially the whole path of the chain. A more specific object in the case of forming hollow articles from plastic materiaL'such as glass. in a two-mold type of forming unit, including a blank mold and a blow mold, is to provide apparatus such that the blank mold will be in a position to be supplied with charges of plastic material through its open bottom end, which is uppermost during the movement of the forming unit through the upper run of the conveyor and to provide operating and timing means so constructed and arranged that the blank or parison may be transferred neck-end-uppermost from the blank mold to the blow mold during the movement of the unit through the lower run of Other and more detailed objects of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment thereof and from the appended claims, when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which: I

figure 1 is a general view in side elevation of the entire machine, portions of the machine being broken out and omitted for space requirements.

and only a few'of the article forming units being fled form'of charge-guiding means moving with the molds;

'- Fig. 4 is an enlarged detail view of one of the 75 plioability,

driving sprockets illustrating the-manner of guiding the conveyor chain thereonto and the means providing for the flow of a fluid between the sprocket and the interior of the chain;

Fig. 5 is a transverse sectional view of the driving sprocket substantially on the line 55 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a detailed view, principally in section, on the line 8-4 of Fig. 7, showing the chain construction and the fluid-passage therethrough;

Fig. 7 is a view substantially in vertical section on the line of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is an enlarged fragmentary detail view of one of the links of a conveyor chain, showing particularly the means for supplying vacuum to this chain, and the means by which fluid may flow from one link to another therein;

Fig. 9 is a view in plan of two of the article forming unitsand a portion of the. chain conveyor by which they are carried;

Fig. 10 is a transverse view taken substantially on the line ill-ill of Fig. 1 and showing an article forming unit with parts principally in elevation;

Fig. 11 is a. detail view in horizontal section substantially on the'line i i-li of Fig. 10, illustrating particularly the neck ring operating mechanism of the forming unit;

Fig. 12 is a detail view substantially in vertical section on the line l2--l2 of Fig. 10 and on a in conjunction with themold opening and closing means for the blank and blow molds;

Fig.- 15 is a fragmentary detail view, substantially in central vertical section, illustrating the combined blow mold baiile or bottom plate and takeout head showing the interior construction thereof; H Fig. 16 is a detail view of the timer with certain of the valve chambers broken away and shown in central vertical section;

Fig. 17 is a vertical sectional view of the timer taken substantially on the line i'l-l'l of Fig. 18;

Fig. 18 is a horizontal sectional view of the timer showing the construction and operation of one of the valgps thereof, the view being taken substantially on the line il-ll of Fig. 16;

Fig. 19 is a diagrammatic illustration showing one possible cycle of the operation of the machine as a whole;

Fig. 20 is a diagrammatic view in plan illustrating a modified form of charge feeding device;

and

Fig. 21 is a diagrammatic view in elevation of the modified form of charge feeding device showninFig. 20.

The apparatus of the present invention includes many features applicable not only to the particular machine illustrated in the drawings and hereinafter to be particularly described,- but also to many types of devices, some of which do not necessarily pertain even to article forming machines. It will be pointed out indescribing the various features and functions of the particular embodiment of the invention wherein cer-- tain of these features have relatively broad ap- .While the present invention is illustrated as embodied in a forming machine for the making of glass bottles of the narrow neck typ it is contemplated that many of the principles thereof hereinafter to be described and which are embodied in the present machine may be equally well applied to the making of many other types of articles, for example from other types of plastic materials known to the art. The only limitations, therefore, upon the intended scope of the invention is its practical applicability to uses other .than that 'herein particularly described in different types of machines. v

General arrangements of machine and drive Any other means effective to drive this shaft in Turning now to the accompanying drawings,

- there is illustrated in Fig. 1 a forming machine of the continuous endless chain type, i. e., wherein a plurality of similar operating units, in this case for forming glass bottles of the narrow neck type, are carried upon a pair of endless chains forming a single conveyor of the endless chain type and moving in a non-circular orbital path.

The machine is built upon a stationary frame work preferably of structural metal, including uprights l and 2, longitudinally extending members 3 and 3 connecting the upright members, and transverse members 5, 6 and i. This frame work also includes inclined brace members 8. The

frame work as a whole is shown mounted upon wheels 9 arranged to roll upon suitable tracks Ill to facilitate the movement of the machine as may be necessary in the manufacturing plant in which itisbeing used. I

The chains making up the conveying means of the present machine are indicated generally at H and 2 for the forward and rear chains respectively, Figs. 1, 9 and 10, these chains passing around a pair of drive sprockets, including a forward sprocket l3 and a rear sprocket axially aligned therewith v(notqshown) and also around a pair of idler sprockets including a forward sprocket l4 and a rear sprocket axially aligned therewith (not shown).

The drive sprockets, including the sprocket wheel l3, are rigidly mounted upon a transverse shaft l5, which is journaled in suitable pillow blocks l6 mounted upon the longitudinal structural members 3. The idler sprockets at the other end of the chain path, including the sprocket It, are mounted upon a transverse shaft II which is journaled adjacent to its ends in slide blocks l8. The slide blocks iii are arranged for longitudinal adjustive movement in guides formed in brackets I9 secured to the structural members 3. Suitable lag screws 20 are threaded through portions of the brackets l9 and bear upon the slide blocks l8 for adjusting the tension on the chains I I and I2 in the well known manner.

Means are provided for positively rotating the shaft l5 and the drive sprocket l3 carried thereby. For this purpose, the shaft I5 is provided at the. rear of the machine. as shown in dotted lines, -with a sprocket wheel 2| arranged to be driven by a chain 22 passing around a smaller sprocket 'wheel 23 of a speed changing device 24. This speed changing device has a driving wheel 25 arranged to be driven from any suitable source of power, such for example as an electric motor (not shown). The driving means shown and described is substantially conventional in nature and merely intended to illustrate any means by which a continuous rotation may be imported to the shaft l5 and the sprocket wheels carried there-..

this manner is to be considered within the purview of the present invention.

Chain guiding and non-taping arrangements As shown in Figs. 1, 2, 4 and 6. the chains ii and 'I2 carry rollers 26 iournaled on the pivot pins 21, Fig. 6, connecting the several links of the chain as hereinafter more particularly described. Suitable rails or guiding means, generally indicated at 28, are provided upon which these rollers are arranged to travel during the movement of the conveyor through the upper, substantially horizontal run of the conveyor path. Somewhat similar rails 29 are provided for the rollers 25 during their movement through the lower run of the conveyor path. It is noted, however. that the guide members 29 do not extend to the .left, as seen in Fig. 1, up to a point adjacent to-the driving sprocket l3, but rather stop short of this sprocket, so as to permit a sagging of the chain intermediate its movement oil the sprockets i3 and up to the point it comes under the control of the guide rails 29. This automatically accommodates normal changes in the length of the chain due to expansion and contraction caused by changes in temperature. Changes may also becomp'ensated' for by adjustment of the la path of the chain is shown dot and dash lines. The rails or guiding means 28 and 29 are suitably secured to the frame of the machine, for example by bolts, as shown in Fig. 10.

A major difliculty which has been met with in the past in driving sprocket and chain-type conveyors wherein the links of the chain are relatively large in respect to the diameter of the driving or carrying sprockets, has been that the path of the pivotal points between the chain links in the rotation of the sprocket is difierent from the pathof the center portions of these links. As a result, when one link of a chain is in contact with a sprocket, so that the pivotal P int at the end of this link toward the direction from which the chain is travelling is fixed in respect to the sprocket, the opposite end of the next link to engage the sprocket is out of definite control of the sprocket or other guiding means. As a result, there is a pivotal movement of this next the sprocket. When this next link does contact with the sprocket, the position of the pivotal point at the controlling end of this link is at a position nearer the radius of the sprocket parallel to the chain path than it will subsequently be during the continued rotation of the sprocket. The leverage action of the sprocket in pulling the chainthus changes. during the movement of each link thereonto. As a, result of this, the chain is drawn along with a sort of loping action instead of a smooth uniform movement, even though the sprocket is continuously rotated at a constant speed.

Various arrangements have been proposed to overcome this difliculty, one of which, for example, isto provide a drive for the sprocket at anon-uniform speed by a pair of deformed gears. Another'arrangement is to pass a chain around a Pair of sprockets both of which are idlers and to drive it by an intermediate sprocket contacting with the chain intermediate the ends of one V i of the straightcourses thereof. Both these ar-- by. preferably at an adjustably variable speed. ran'gements involve additional expense of construction and/or operation and may also besubiect to other dinicmties.

The present invention provides a novel arrangement by which this loping is overcome in that the rails or guiding members 28 are extended a sufflcient distance around the-sprocket II, Fig. 4, to

released from the control of the guide rails 28,

the chain links with which these rollers are as-- sociated are in such relation to the sprocket wheel that there can be no further relative movement betweenthe links and the sprocket wheel. Thus "loping as above described is positively eliminated by the use of a relatively simple and cheap construction.

It is noted that this feature of the present invention is not limited to an article forming machine, but is applicable to the driving of any sprocket chain by a sprocket wherein it is desired to eliminate the loping above described The claims directed to this feature are to be construed accordingly.

Continuous fluid supply to elements carried by conveyor guide the rollers 26 substantially up to a point as shown at 30. Thus, when the rollers 26 are A major feature ofthe present invention is the novel provisions thereof in respect to-the supplying of a fluid, possibly under pressure, continuously to all operating units carried by a continuously moving chain-type conveyor. This problem has been a limiting factor heretofore in chain-type machines wherein some designers have round it necessary to utilize only portions ot the run of the conveyor where it is going along "a straight path, using sliding shoes for transmitting pressure from a series of holes in a stationary" is travelling in a circular path around a turret, which in those machines has the function ofone of the sprocket wheels of the present device. Here the. pressure has been brought,into the turret axially thereof in a well-known manner and is distributed to the operating elements of the several units carried by the conveyor during the time such elements are travelling around the turret in a circular portion or their path. Both these schemes have suffered from the limitation that to operate pneumatically operated mechanisms,

such as pneumatic cylinders, carried by the units. The transmission of pneumatic pressure in sumcient volume and at suiilcient pressure eflectively tb operate pneumatic cylinders on a continuously moving conveyor and independently of the posibe adequate to supply a fluid at a pressure of several ounces per square inch, but could not supply air continuously at pressures of 15 to 30 pounds per square inch.

The problem has been solved according to the present invention by providing a continuous hollow space within the links of a chain wherein the space within each link'communicates with the spaces within contiguous links to provide a continuous space entirely through the endless chain. .To this space fluid may be continuously supplied or exhausted through one or more of the sprocket wheels about which the chain passes, provision being made so that the interior of at least one sprocket wheel may always be open to the interior of at least one link. The present arrangement in fact provides for a continuous fluid flow between the sprocket wheel I! and the chamber within the chain H through at least two links at all times.

Referring now to Figs. 6 and '7, it will be noted that the chain I! which iswimilar to the chain It is made up of two types of links arranged alternately, including H-llnks 3| and I-links 32, both these links having chambers therein as shown at 33 and 3 respectively. The links are 40 connected together by th pivot pins 21, as best a suitable screw plug 30. The pins 21 are pref-- erably anchored in the links it by means of one v or more keys 3! and are rotatably received with only a portion of the convey r p th could be advantageously utilised, while other portions of the path were necessarily idle in so far as the use of :fluids is concerned, such fluids including, for example, liquids or gases under desired positive ornegative pressures. v

flrhelpresent machine overcomes these diiiiculties and provides for the continuous supplying of one or more fluids as aforesaid to any and all operating units carried by the conveyor independently of whether the units are travelling in the straight or curvedportions or the conveyor path and continuously-during the entire movement of the units throughout the entireconveyor path. Furthermore; the present invention provldcs for the suitable transmission-of fluids in a way lllch that leakage is eflectively prevented to an client that pneumatic pressure may be continuourly transmitted to operating units carried in'luflicicntvolume and prewure in bushings in the ends of the I-llnks l2, suitable packing means, as shown at 39, being provided tov prevent loss of fluid along the joints between the links. The bores 35 of-the pins 21 communicate with the chambers 33 in the H-links through one or more apertures Ill, these apertures being maintained in registry with the passages within the links Il due to the prevention of relative rotation between the pins 21 and the H-links II. The bores 35 within the pins 21 also communicate with the chambers 34 of the I-links 32 through relatively wide openings Ii formed in the walls of the pins 21 anddn the bushings It. The p nings H are of suiliclent width so that they will not be closed even when the links 3i and 32 are rotated somewhat relative to one another, as during the passage of the chain around one of the sprockets. Suitable means (not shown) are provided for preventing the rotation of the bushings 88 in respect to the hinge #portions in. the ends of the I-links 32 in which they are located. All the Joints are essentially similar to that Just described, so as to provide a continuous chamber or pass e through each of the chains I l and ii.

Obviously. if but one fluid is to be transmitted tounits carried by a chain type conveyor, but

just described, the chain ll carrying vacuum and the chain l2, pressure. Obviously, if alarger number of diflerent fluids, or the same fluids at different pressures, were needed to be supplied to units carried by a chain-type conveyor, thenecessary number oi. chains could be provided to accommodate the desired number of fluids or the desired fluids at the difierent pressures required. The fluids may be conducted from each of the links through pipes as shown at 42 to the several units.

Means are provided for transmitting a fluid to and through each drive sprocket and thence to the interior of the links as aforesaid. For this purpose, the fluid used (the transmission of vacuum will be particularly described, Figs. 4 and 5) is transmitted to the sprocket through the drive shaft l5 axially thereof, as by providing a well-known type of swivel connection (not shown) between the stationary fluid passage and the drive shaft, the fluid passing through a bore,- as shown at 43, axially of the shaft to a point valve When vacuum is applied to the passage I. in this fitting, the valve 55 will be autoatically opened against the compression of the spring BB, thus permitting the exhausting of air from the interior oi the chain ii through the sprocket wheel it. It is noted that while the' a above structure is for vacuum, it has been dewithin a cylindrical portion of a fitting 8|, this within the sprocket l3. The fluid then passes through one or more lateral bores indicated at 84 in the shaft and in the hub portion of the sprocket wheel to an annular chamber 45 within the sprocket wheel. This chamber opens to a plurality of substantially radial passages 48 leading toward/the periphery of the sprocket wheel. Flow through these passages is controlled by plug valves t! as shown, the endmost portions of the passages being illustrated as angular at 48, Fig. 4,, and opening to the periphery of the sprocket wheel.- When one of the I-links 32 is in engagement with the sprocket wheel, as shown for the link illustrated partly in'section in Fig. 4, the opening to the passage 48 is opposite a valve controlled passage in the links shown par-- ticularly at 49, Fig. 8.

The plug valves 41 in the passages 48- in the sprocket wheel I 3 are continuously urged toward their closed positions by tension springs 50, Fig. 4, these sprims extending between suitable anchorages on the sprocket wheel and arms 5| carried by the rotatable plug portions 41 of the valves. These springs normally keep the valves in predetermined positions with the arms 5| abutting against suitable stops 52 carried by th sprocket wheel. As the sprocket wheel rotates, cam rollers 53 carried by, the arms Bl come into contact with a stationary cam 54, causing the opening of'the valves at a suitable time against the tension of the springs", as shown at the left in Fig. 4, and thus opening communication between the chamber in the sprocket wheel and the passages 48 leading to the periphery of the wheel.

In each link 32 there is a spring-closed, Poppet type valve arranged to be opened automatically by the transmission of pressure (or vacuum) to the interior of the link when that link is in fluidtransmitting relation with the, sprocket wheel, as aforesaid. Thus, considering the. particular example being described, namely, theia'ansmission of vacuum to the chain ll, there is provided a poppet valve 55, Fig. 8, normally held closed by a compression spring 58 extending between a suitable abutment 51 rigid with a'fltting carrying this valve and a washer 68 on the valve normally being maintained closed by a com pression spring 62 extending between the head of the valve and a portion of the link 32. Thus, when a fluid under pressure is supplied to this valve, it will be unseated against the compression of the spring 02 to permit fluid flow into the interior of the chain I2.

Thus, there is provided a means by which a fluid under a desired positive or negative pressure may be transmitted continuously to any operating unit carried by a continuous chain conveyor without loss of that fluid from the sprocket through which it is transmitted, due to the presence of the valves M, which are closed to prevent the loss of the fluid wheh the passages controlled thereby are out of contact with one of the links 32 arranged to receive the fluid. Furthermore, loss of mild from the links out of fluid-transmitting relation with its supplying sprocket is prevented by the spring-pressed check valves associated with these links. In this way, it is possible to supply one or more fluids, at a selected pressure or pressures, continuously to all the operating units carried by a contlnuously'mcving conveyor irrespective of the shape of its path.

This feature otthe invention is likewise notany kind, which are to be supplied with a fluid under'pressure or at a vacuum. The appended I claims directed tothis'feature oi the invention are to be construed'accordingly.

Charge supplying and distributing media In continuously moving chain-type machines for forming articles from plastic material, a ma- I jor problem is the supplying of charges of the material to be worked upon in forming the articles to the fabricating units carrled along continuously by the chain conveyor. This problem has been solved in accordance with the present invention.

While the invention broadly relates to the cludes a glass feeding device, generally indicated,

at 83, which may be a "stream feeder, and which includes a pair of shears shown diagrammatically Figs. 1, 2, 3, 20 and 21.

. charge guide 1..

at 64. Inasmuch as these elements per se form no part of the present invention, they have not been illustrated in detail and will not be further described. From the point of view of the present invention, the means 63-64 may be considered as a means by which separated charges of molten glass or other plastic material are supplied at predetermined intervals, these intervals each being equal to the interval during which a single forming unit moves along the conveyor path a distance equal to the distance between two contiguous'forming units along the conveyor.

The charges of molten glass are supplied downwardly by gravit to a stationary charge guiding means, here shown as a chute E6, the lower or delivery portion of which is in the vertical ably charged, as herein disclosed, during their movement through a substantially horizontal straight portion of the conveyor path, in this case the upper run of the conveyor.

Associated with each forming unit 68,-at least during the time the molds are being charged, is a charge guiding means, which is shown in its preferred form in Figshland 2. In these figures, the charge guiding unit comprises a deflector 89 and a chute-type charge guide 10, both of which are rigidly carried by the unit 88, as nfore particularly described hereinafter. The deflector 89 is arranged to direct charges from the downwardly inclined path which they follow into a vertical path and downwardly into the molds 61 to be charged. The charge-contacting into the molds. This may be accomplished by holding the chute 68 at a somewhat steeper inclination than that shown in Fig. 1, or by providing a somewhat longer run along the chute. It may also be accomplished by arran in the conveyor to move in the direction opposite that shown in Fig. 1, as indicated by the arrow in Fig. 3. This arrangement, however, while operative to feed the charges to the molds, is under certain circumstances not as desirable as the arrangement of Figs. 1 and 2 for the reason that the reversal of the horizontal velocity or velocity component of the charges incident to the movement of. the molds to the right, as shown in Fig. 3, while the chute 86 is inclined downwardly to the left, tends in some instances to deform the charges, which may result in an undesirable distribution or the material in the finished article, for example, when making hollowware, such as bottles, for which the present machine is particularly adapted.

In Figs. 20 and 21, there is illustrated a further embodiment of the invention wherein the deilectors 69, instead of being carried rigidly by the forming unit 68, are mounted on a separate endless conveyor including a pair of sprocket chains diagrammatically illustrated at 12, these chains being suitably arranged for movement about sprocket wheels diagrammatically shown at 13 and mounted on vertical shafts I4 in a suitable manner. Any desired means, not shown, may be provided for driving the conveyor 12 in synchronism with the movement 01 the conveyor carrying the forming units of Figs. 20 and 21, such means not being'illustrated in the accompanyin drawings.

Also, it is to be considered within the purviewof this invention that the deflectors 69 may be omitted, using only the charge guides ill shown .in

Figs. 1 and 2; in which event care must be taken surfaces of the deflectors 59 are concave, considered in the vertical plane including the path of the molds to be charged. The charge guide or chute i0 is positioned to coordinate the guiding of the charges with the deflector 69 and has a charge-guiding surface which is convex in the vertical plane including the path of the molds and including the lower portion of the chute 68.

Furthermore, the charge guide 10 has anelongated and rearwardly directed lip portion II to permit of some variations in the synchronism between the supplying of charges and the movement of the molds. Preferably, in accordance with the preferred forms of the invention of Figs. 1 and 2, in which both members it and III are employed, the charges 85 have a velocity incident to their movement down the chute 8|, such that the horizontal component of velocity approximates the horizontal velocity of the molds to be charged. a

It is contemplated, however, that some variations may be made in the preferred embodiments oi the invention illustrated in Figs. 1 and 28-8 to the charge delivery. particularly byomitting the This embodiment oi the invention is illustrated in Figs. 3, 20 and 21. Under these circumstances, it is practically necessary that the horizontal component of velocity of the charges 85 upon leaving the chute It be in excess of the horizontal velocity or the molds and thethat the horizontal component oi velocity of the charges in the direction of movement of the conveyor be no greater than the horizontal velocity of the conveyor in the same direction.

It has been found, however, that when using the preierred form of charge supplying means,

shown in Figs. 1 and 2, a substantial variance-may be permitted in the synchronism between the supplying oi the charges 65 and the movement is and II are omitted. the charges may=still be fed, but the" requirements for synchronism between the sup'plying of charges and the movement ofthe conveyor are more exact. .The extended portion 11 of the member T0 0! Figs. 1 and 2 is eflective to receive charges of material to be formed over asubstantial period in the movement of the iorming units, so that the requirements for exact synchronism are not'rlgld.

Aarrcu: Fou'mw Ums-Consravcrron m Ours-non As stated above, manyprinciples of the present machine are adaptable to-the forming of articles from diflerent types of plastic materials. In soiar as the claims are suillclently broad to cover the forming of such materials and in so far deflectors 89, so that the charges will engage the as the apparatus recited in any claim is adaptable for'fabricating diflerent types of materials, those claims are to be construed broadly enough to include such operations. However, the present inachine is disclosed as one for forming articles. of hollow glassware and will be described accord- Furthermore, 'while the present machine is arranged to form glass articles, such as bottles of the narrow neck type, it is contemplated that closure should, therefore, be construed as one embodiment of the invention illustrating how narrow neck bottles of glass can be made.

Unit base and mounting thereof ticularly to Figs. 6, 7, 9 and 10, one link of each of the chains II and I2 is arranged to support a forming unit. the unit extending across between the chains II and I2, as particularly shown in Figs. 9 and 10. Each unit 88 is similar to the others so that but one need be described. Each unit is supported upon a base plate 15, which is positioned in respect to its carrying links by a dowel pin I8 at each end thereof, these pins being anchored in suitable sockets in the links 8| and 82, as shown in Figs. 7 and 8, and being secured therein by the provision of reduced lower end portions which are'threaded to receive nuts 11 bearing against a shoulder portion of the links.

The plates I8 are secured to the link 8| and 82 by bolts I8 and I9 respectively, these bolts being similar with the exception that the bolts I8 threaded into the H-links 8| are positioned further inwardly in respect to the ends of the plates IEthan are the bolts I8 threaded into the I-links 82, as best shown in Fig. 9. Each of the bolts I8 and 18 has a relatively large portion beneath its polygonal head which passes through a somewhat larger opening in the plate I5, as shown at 88, Figs. 7 and 8. Beneath these portions, the

bolts I8 and I8 are threaded and screwed into slight irregularities in the movements of the chains II and I2 with respect to each other.

Btan k mold and operation thereof Each unit 88 as aforesaid is provided with a blank mold 81. This mold is made in the usual manner in mating half portions which are inter; changeably mounted in suitable holders 8|, so as to permit the substitution of blank molds having difierent cavity shapes for making different articles. The connection between the mold halves and the holders 8! is a pivotal one. best shown in Figs. 9, 10 and 12, a slight angular movement being permitted between the holders and the mold;

halves so as to provide for the accurate closing of the mold halves in respect to each other. For

this purpose, the mold halves are each provided with a pair of vertically spaced ears 82 having aligned bores therein through which extend a alent means being provided as shown at 84 to prevent dislodgment of the pivot pin 88. This pin passes through aligned apertures in biiurcated end portions formed at the ends of the mold holders 8|. The end portions of the holders 8i preferably have a pair of spaced abutment portions 88, Fig. 9, arranged to bear against the mold halves to prevent undue rotativ movement of the mold halves in respect to the holders about the vertical axes ofthe pins 83. This feature is,

however, conventional and no invention is predicated thereon. Th holders 8| are pivoted on a common vertical axis; including a pintle 81, which is mounted at its upper end in a laterally extending portion of a bracket 88 secured to the base plate I8 of the unit. The lower end of thepintle 81 is reduced in diameter and passes through an aperture in the base plate I8, being threaded therebeneath to receive a nut 88 by which the pintle is secured to the base plate.

Means are providedfor opening and closing the blank mold 81 .at the-desired times. this means includes a pair of links 88 extending from the pins 83 to pins 8i disposed in the outer bifurcated ends ofa yoke 82 and held in place therein 'by cotter pins as shown, or by othersuitable means; The yoke 82 is mounted for horizontal sliding movement, Figs. 9 and 10, on a pair of stationary guide rods 88 which pass through bores therein. The guide rods 88 have their lefthand ends, as seen in Figs. 9 and 10, suitably secured in a lower portion of the bracket 88 which is secured in turn to the base plate I5. The right hand ends of the rods 88 are secured in a bracket 84 which is also secured to the plate I8. The yoke 82 carries a cam roller 85'arranged to be engaged on its inner or outer sides by stationary cams, such as that shown at 88, Fig. 10, carried by the uprights 2 or some other stationary part of the machine, as shown. .When it is desired that the mold be closed and kept closed, the cam 88 engages the right-hand side of the rollers 88, as seen in Fig. 10 and move the yoke 82 from right to left. when it is desired to open the blank mold, the left-hand side 01' the roller 88 is engaged. by a cam, including a portion extending over the top of the roller in'the position of the parts shown in Fig. 10 and having a depending part eng ing the left hand side thereof, the yoke 82 being moved from left to right.

Suitable safety means ar preferably interposed between the roller 88 and the yoke 82. For

thereto by a pair of rollers I88 carried on the' inner ends of links I8I pivoted at I82 to the yoke 82. The rollers I88 are normally held in suitable notches I88 in the slide 88 by a compression spring I84 extending between suitable brackets carried by the arms III and urging the free endsv of these arms toward each other, so as to maintain the rollers I88 in the notches I88. Thus, should the blank mold stick either in opening or closing, the rollers I88 may be forced out of the notches I83 to permit the movement of the cam roller 88' and the slide 88 in respect to the yoke 82 7 pivot pin 88, suitable cotter pins or other equiv- As shown,

Neck ring and operation therein Associated with the blank mold ii is a neck ring I", Figs. 10, 11 and 12, which is also preferably made in mating halves in the usual manner. The halves of the neck ring are interchangeably secured in holders I06 in a manner This means" closed. Means must be provided, however, for

opening the neck ring independently of the blank mold and for retaining the neck ring closed while the blank mold is open, which is required in transferring a blank or parlson from the blank mold to the blow mold. For this purpose, the neck ring holders are provided with ears I01 to which are connected long links I08, Fig. 11, these links being pivoted at their rear ends to a erosshead I03. The crcsshead I09 is mounted for transverse sliding movement upon a guide shaft I I0 secured in the brackets 33 and 34 at its oppo site ends in the same way as are the guide rods 33 and parallel therewith. The crosshead I03 carries a downwardly extending arm .I I I, Fig. 10, having at its lower end a cam roller H2, th arm III extending through a suitable elongate slot I II in the plate I5. The cam roller I I2 is adapted to be engaged by a suitable cam, which is not in a position to be shown in full lines in Fig. 10,

but is indicated in dot and dash lines at H4 in that figure in the relation which it would 00-- cupy in respect to the forming unit, it being understood that this cam is suitably secured to the frame of the machine at an appropriate position around the path of the mold unit in order to open the neck mold at the desired time. Means are also provided for retaining the neck ring closed up to the time it is opened by the cam corresponding to that shown at lI4. For this purpose, there is provided a tension spring III, Fig. 11, extending between the arms I00 at their mid portions. It will be understood that any other suitable means might be used for openins and closing the neck ring, that shown being merely for purposes of illustration.

Combined blowhead and neck pin device glass is supplied thereto and thereafter, as hereinafter described, is a combined counterblow and final blowing means and neck pin construction,

generally indicated at MS, Fig. 12, the neck pinalone being important during the settling of a charge of glass in the blank mold and neck ring.

As shown, this device comprises a casing member II'I having a flange portion III, which is secured to the underside. of'the plate I! by the pins about which the blank and blow mold holders are pivoted, including the pin 01. The body portion of the casing iII extends up through a suitable aperture in the plate 15, as shown in Fig. 12. The upper portion ,of the casing III is formed as a cylinder-to receive a piston I", the upper end of which is arranged to engage against the neck ringin the position of the part shown in Fig. 12, or against the blowmold in the position of the part shown in Fig. 13. alignment with the cylinder-forming portion of the casing H1 is a smaller cylindrical portion I20, through which extends an annular stem portion of the piston -II9, as shown at I2I. To the lower end of this portion I2I is secured an annular flange member I22. Extending between the member I22 and a portion of the casing H1 is a compression spring I23 serving to keep the piston H9 retracted withinthe cylinder portion of the casing I" as shown in Fig. 12.

Extending axially through the piston H9 and the extension I2l thereof is a bore in which is slidingly mounted a neck pin I24, the latter having a smaller diameter upper portion in the position of the parts shown in Fig. 12 and alarger diameter collar portion I25 intermediate its ends. This larger diameter portion limits the movement of the neck pin I24 in respect to the piston I13 by engagement with a shoulder at the upper position of the neck pin, as shown in Fig. 12, and by engagement with an inner cylindrical sleeve portion of the member I22 m by a compression spring I23; The collar I28 is suitably connected by a pivoted link I30, Figs. 10, 12 and 13, with one end of a lever I3I, which is pivoted at I32 to a cylinder I33 rigid with the plate I5. At its opposite end the lever I3I carries a cam roller I34 arranged to engage the underside of a stationary cam I35. The cam I3! is interchangeably secured to the stationary frame of the machine. The cam roller I34 is retained against the cam by a tension spring I36 extending between the lever I3I and a suitable anchorage secured to the plate I5.

The arrangement is such that the spring I36 .tends not only to retain the cam roller I34 against its associated cam 135, but also tends to retract the neck pin I24. Forward movement of the neck pin toward its operative position is effected by the cam I33 moving the lever I3I clockwise about its pivot I32 against the tension of the spring I36. This movement is provided with a safety means, however, should the neck pin engage any rigid material interfering with its movement toward its operative position, Fig. 12, due to the compression spring I23 permitting a relative movement between the collar I28 and the neck pin. Normally, however, there will belittle or no relative movement at this point and the collars I 23 and I28 will normally be in engagement with one another.

Thus, at the time a charge of molten glass is supplied to the blank mold, the parts will be in the position shown in Fig. 12; that is, the piston H0 will be retracted to its furthermost position under the control of the compression springl23. The neck pin I24 will be at its innermost position, Fig. 12, so that the enlarged portion I25 is in contact with the inwardly directed shoulder within the piston 3, all under the control of the cam I", the neck pin being held in this position under. the compression of the spring I23. If deaired. a slight overthrow may be provided by the as more particularly hereinafter described, the

neck pin will be retracted, which is effected by relieving the pressure on the roll I34 by the cam' I35 and permitting the spring I36 to move the lever I3I counterclockwise, as seen in Fig. 10, causing the collar I28 to engage and move the collar I26 downwardly, thus retracting the neckpin to a position in respect to the piston 9, as shown in Fig. 13. With the parts in this position, pressure may be supplied to the cylinder within the casing IIl. through a pipe I31 from the timer I38, Fig. 10. The timer will be more particularly described hereinafter. This pressure tends to move the piston H9 forwardly, so that it will engage the underside of the neck ring I05, this movement being in opposition to the compression of the spring I23. Fluid pressure may pass from the underside of the piston I is through ,an inclined bore I39 therein to a counterbore Ifill'in the upper end of the piston I I9, as shown in Fig. 12. If at this time the neck pin is retracted, as just described, the fluid pressure will pass around the neck pin and into a. blank to expand it to conformity with the cavity of the blank mold.

The operation of the blow head and neck pin device in final blowing an article will be described hereinafter.

Combined settle head and cou'nterblow baflle Arranged for association with the upper end of the blank mold in its position, as shown in Fig.,12, is a combined settle blow head and counterblow baflle It I, Fig. 10, which is arranged to fit within a tapered portion I62, Fig.- 12, in the end of the blank mold. This portion of the mold acts in the usual manner as a funnel for assisting in directing charges of molten glass into the mold cavity ably in an arm I43 extending laterally from a proper. The head MI is mounted interchangevertical actuating shaft I44, which is mounted for axial and rotative movement in a bore in the bracket 38. It will be understood that different types of heads, such as that shown at I, for use with molds of different types, may be interchangeably associated with the outer end of the arm I43. A lower portion of the shaft I44 extends through the plate 15 and into and through the cylinder I33 and carries a piston within this cylinder. -At its extreme lower end, the shaft I4t carries a pin extending laterally therefrom and bearing a cam roller I45, which is arranged for movement in a curved cam slot I46 formed in a cylindrical extension I41 secured to or formed integral with the lower head of the cylinder I33, Fig. 10. Fluid pressure may be conducted to the opposite ends of the cylinder I33 through pipes I43 and I49 leading to the timer I33.

I, The operation of the combined settle blow head and counterblowlbaflle is thus similar to that disclosed in Ingle Patent No. 1,911,1 nted May 23, 1933. With the parts in the po i n shown in Fig. 10, the head I is at its upper or inoperative position. When fluid pressure is supplied from the timer through the pipe I48 and exhausted through the pipe I49, the piston is moved downwardly within the cylinder I33, causing the downward movement ofthe head I4I toward the blank mold 61, the shaft I44 being simultaneously rotated to a necessary extent under the control of'the cam I46 acting on the cam roller I45 to bring the head I into alignment with the mold cavity and particularly with the beveled opening I42 therein, whereupon the head I is moved vertically toward the mold to complete the positiming of the head. Upward movement of the head IAI from its operative position in respect to the mold to its inoperative position shown in Fig. 10 is effected by exhausting pressure through the pipe I48 and supplying pressure through the pipe I49, both under the control of the timer I38.

After a charge of glass has been delivered to the blank mold by the means above described, the head MI is moved downwardly and laterally to its operative position in respect to the mold. Settle blowing pressure is then supplied through the head I II into the upper end of the mold under the control of the timer. For this purpose, the timer supplies fluid pressure through a pipe I50, which communicates through a lateral bore with an elongate annular chamber within the bracket 88 surrounding the shaft I45. Pressure then passes through lateral bores in the shaft I M to a central longitudinal bore IEI therein, which communicates through a lateral bore and a bore in the arm M3 with a central bore in the stem carrying the head MI. This central bore communicates with a valved ap'er-, ture in the underside of the head and thence with the mold cavity. Thus, settle blowing pressure is controlled by the timer I38 and passes through the head MI to the mold cavity.

When the head MI is used as a counterblow bame, it is desired that there be no opening in this head into which the glass may pass. For this reason, the aperture through the head'i ll is normally closed by aspring-pressed, poppet valve shown in dotted lines at I52, Fig. 10, this valve having a stem extending axially through the bore in the head MI and its upward extension or stem and carrying at its upper end a washer or stop I53 separated from the upperendof the stem of the head MI by a compression spring I54. Thus the valve I52 will normally be closed, but may be opened automatically upon the supp i of settle blowing pressure through the passages above described, which will cause the opening of the valve'against the compression of the spring I54.

. Final blow mold Also associated with each forming unit 68 is a final blow mold I55 preferably formed in mating halves in the conventional manner. The mounting and operation of this mold are essentially similar to those previously described for the blank mold. It will, therefore, be described but briefly. The halves of the mold I55 are interchangeably mounted in mold holders I56 by vertical pins I51 corresponding to the pins 83 for the blank mold. The holders I56are mounted for pivotal movement .upon a hinge pin I58, which is pported at its upper end in a laterally extending bracket portion I53 of a stationary bracket I60 suitably secured to the plate I5. At its lower end, the pin I 53 is reduced in diameter and ex-' the lower portion ot the bracket IBILand in, av

bracket I84, both of which are secured to the plate is. The yoke m am a cam roller m ,ior actuation by a cam I interchangeably carried by the stationary frame of the machine,

Associated with the blow mold"! is a bottom 1 plate I60. Fi s. 13 and 15. This bottom plate is supported through a chamber portion I69, for a purpose hereinafter described, which is removably and adjustably secured to a laterally extending arm I10, as by bolts I1I passing through is vertically slotted openings in a flange portion of the arm I and threaded into the portion I69 of the blow mold bottom I68. The blow mold bottom can thusbe adjusted in respect to the arm to compensate for slight differences in the blow molds and may be removed to provide for the substitution of blow mold bottoms of different configurations for making diilerent articles. The arm I'III as carried by a vertical shaft I12, which extends through an axial bore in the bracket I60 and through the plate 15, carrying at its lower end a piston'within a pneumatic cylinder I13. The cylinder I1! is suitably secured by its upper head, as seen in Fig. 10, to the underside of the plate 15. Adiacent to its upper end the shaft I12 carso ries a laterally extending pin on which is a cam roller I14 which is arranged to travel in a cam slot I15 formed within an arcuate stationary member I16. The member. I18 is suitably secured to the upp r end of the bracket I and also carries the charge guiding means I and 10, as shown in Fig. 10.

The cam slot' I15 is so shaped that when the blow mold bottom is removed from the mold carrying a completed article therewith, as shown in 40 i Fig. 10, it will move in an arcuate path to a sufllcient extent laterally that the upper end of the member I68 will clear the lower end of the charge guiding means I! and 10. Then the movement will be substantially vertical, followed by a further arcuate movement after the bottle has been raised sufllciently so that its lower (neck) and clears the blow mold halves. which of course are open at 'this time, thus bringing the bottom plate, ,which also serves as a takeout means, in 9 a manner hereinafter to be more particularly described, to the position shown in Fig. 10. At this position the completed articles may be discharged over a chute (not shown) onto any desired means by which they may be taken to a desired point for further treatment, such as anhealing. The movements of the blow mold bottom in moving between its position in cooperation with the blow mold, Fig. 13, and its inoperative position shown in Fig. 10 will be controlled to by the cylinder I13. Pressure may be conducted to the opposite ends of the cylinder I13 through pipes I11 and I'll from the timer I38- The arrangement disclosed is one in which the blank and blow molds close about the same center, that is, a glass article is completely formed in a single position in respect to the forming unit 6!, the cycle being such that for the transfer of the blank or parison from the blank mold to the blow mold, the'head III is moved traits inperative position, as shown in Fig. 10 and the blank mold is opened leaving the blank or parison depending from the neck ring. which is upper-most at this time due to the unit having been o I the of a flexible metallic diaphragm I84, which diinverted and moving on the lower run o asaaare conveyor. The blow mold-is thereafter closed about the suspended'blank, a suitable time bein provided for reheating the blank between the opening of the blank mold and the initiation of the application of final blowing pressure in the blow mold. The final blowing may take place either with or without the neck ring closed and in engagement with the neck portion'of the article. In the event that the neck ring is to remain closed during the final blowing operation, final blowing pressure is supplied from the timer through the pipe I31 and passes in the same manner through the blow head IIB as previously described for counterblowing. If, on'the other hand, final blowing is to take place without the neck ring, as shown particularly in Fig. 13, then after the blow mold has been closed, the neck ring is opened by the means previously described for that purpose, whereupon final blowing pressure is supplied through the pipe I31 as aforesaid. This blowing pressure is effective first to cause the forward movement of the piston H9 in its cylinder untilit engages a suitable stop, which in this instance is the end-of the blow mold at the position of the parts shown in Fig. 13. Then the pressure from the pipe I31 passes through the inclined passage I39 thence through the counterbore III! and around the neckof the article to the interior thereotto expand it, to final form in the blow mold.

Vacuum takeout means The present machine employs vacuum through the blow mold bottom plate for retaining the completed articles in adhering relation thereto during the removal of the articles from the blow molds. Various means have been suggested in the past for applying vacuum inthis general man- I par and for the same general purpose. However,

all such means have-employed open passages, such as bores or slots through the blow mold bottom. This type of construction involves either one or both of two objections. In the first place, if the slots are of relatively large total area, as is desirable in order that the vacuum may be effective on a relatively large area of the bottom of the article, then there are apertures of substantial size through the blow mold bottom into which the glass may penetrate during the final blowing operation, thus rendering the bottom of the article unsightly and possibly defective. If, on the other hand, the apertures or slots be relatively small in order to prevent the marking or other deformation of the bottoms of the articles, the area onwhich the vacuum is effective for retaining the article on the bottom plate is rela-' tively small and articles may tend to fall oil the bottom plate before that action is desired, thus possibly breaking the bottles and littering up the machine with broken glass or otherwise interfering with the operation thereof.

The present invention provides a novel arrangement wherein there are no open passages whatsoever into which glass may penetrate in the bottom plate during the final blowing of an article. due to the fact that a relatively large beveled opening is provided, as shown at I19, Fig. 15, which is closed during the final blowing operation by a poppet. type valve IBII. This valve is carried by a stem IBI which extends loosely through a bore I82 leading from the beveled opening I" to a chamber I83 in the portion I69 of the bottom plate device. At its upper end, as seen in Fig. 15, the stem IBI is secured to the center end of the arm surrounding the shaft I12.

; chine. of! of vacuum by the'timer, whereupon atmos assasve v sage I82 and to which vacuum is applied, and an upper portion I85. The upper chamber portion I85 is in constant communication with the at- "and the several vacuum passages to the space within the bottom plate, permitting the closing mosphere through an opening I88 in the head I81 by which the top of the chamber is closed, this head being preferably threaded into the portion I68, as shown. The periphery of the diaphragm I84 may desirably be confined between the lower threaded end portion of the head I81 and the adjacent portion of the chamber portion I88 as shown. Surrounding thestem I82 and prefer-.

. ably threaded thereon within the chamber I88 is a'sleeve I88, which is adapted to act as a stop to predetermine the open position of the valve The diaphragm I88 is so constructed and arranged that during the final blowing operation, at which time the pressure within the chamber I83 is substantially atmospheric, the valve E88 will be closed due to the resilient action of the diaphragm and will be held in closed position due to the expansion of the glass in the mold. When, however, it is desired to retain an article in engagement with the bottom plate, vacuum is' applied to the chamber I88 causing the diaphragm to flex and unseating the valve A88 by a downward movement of the stem I82, as shown in Fig. 15. This ction takes place after final blowing pressure has been cut oil and Just before the final blow mold is to open, after the bottom of the article has been to a large extent rigidified, so that it will not be deformed or substantially marked by the .forward movement of the valve, although it will'be bent inwardly, as shown of the valve I88 by the diaphragm I and the discharge oi the article in a suitable manner.

The timer B As above set forth, various operations of the forming unit are controlled by the timer I88, which controls the application of pneumatic pressure for the cylinders I38 and I18 and for settle Y blowing, counterblowing and final blowing the 36 in Fig. 10 by a suitable stationary cam 288 interarticlesas well as for the application of vacuum to the takeout means. The timer I88 is illustrated in Figs. 10,16, 1'7 and 18, and comprises a casing generally indicated at I88 to which fiuld pressure is supplied through a pipe I88 from the chain I2 communicating with the lower end of a bore I81 and vacuum is supplied through the pipe 82 communicating with a short bore I88 aligned with the bore I81, but not communicating there with, as shown in Fig. 17. The casing i88 is are-- cured to a stationary part of the forming unit, in this case the cylinder I18, by suitable bolts, Fig. .10. The timer has a plurality of piston valves arranged in lateral bores therein, these valvesbeing similar to each other, so that but one need be described in detail.

As shown, particularly in Fig. 18. each. valve except as hereinafter described comprises a pieton member I98 having a non-circular awn 22% extending through a similarly shaped opening in a plate 28I of the casing I88, the stem 888 carrying a camroller 282 at its outer end. The cam roller 282 is arranged to be actuated as shown changeably secured to one of the stationary frame members 2 of the machine. A separate cam 288 is provided for each or the valves, each cam including portions arranged to contact with the 40 inner or outer faces of the cam rollers or both,

tinuously open slots were employed through the.

within the inner end of the arm I18 and communicates through another lateral bor'e I83 with an elongate annular chamber within the bracket I88. This elongate annular chamber communicates through a pipe I84 with the timer I88 by which the ap ication of vacuum is controlled.

Thus, when vacuum is applied to the chamber,

I88 under the control of the timer, the valve I88 will be automatically opened by the actuation of the diaphragm I84'to press in the bottom of the article, as shown in Fig. 15, to permit the application of vacuum to a relatively large portion of the area of the bottom of the article, so that the article may be retained in adhering relation to,

the bottom plate, as shown in Fig. 10, up to the time when it is to be discharged from the ma- This discharge is eflected by the cutting pheric pressure is established through the timer as particularly shown in Fig. 16. Fluid pressure is'supplied from the passage I81 through a lateral bore.284 to the cylinder in which the piston I88 slides. This pressure may be supplied through either of the pipes I48 or I88 as shown, Fig. 18, depending upon the position oi the piston valve within the cylinder, the pipe not being supplied with pressure being exhausted. through one or the othe 01' the exhaust passages 288 in the wellknown manner.

This valve construction is employed for the valvescontrolling the pressure to the cylinders I88 and I18, the remaining valves having but one pipe leading from them to the operating units. For this purpose the pipe corresponding 'to the pipe I48, Fig. 18, is omitted and no port is provided therefor in the valve casing I88. The exhaust passage corresponding to the left-hand bore v 288, Fig. 18, is also omitted. Otherwise the valve arrangement may be identical.

General cycle and summary The general cycle of the machine may be as diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 19, wherein charges 01 plastic material are supplied to theas previously described. The blank molds are preferably opened to initiate reheating o! the blanks of glass while they are'in a neck-up position, so as to permit the stretching of the blanks or parisons under the influence of. gravity. At a suitable time the-blow mold I" is closed and pressure is applied either through the neck ring I" or after the neck ring has been opened for flnal blowing the blanks. The blow mold contact,

which occurs from an instant after final blowing pressure is applied up to the time the blow mold is opened, preferably occurs during a, period'in which the mold unit, including the blank-and blow molds, passes from the lower to the upper run of the conveyor, although the actual application of final blowing pressure may cease at some" selected time prior to the actual opening of the including a plurality of hollow links, passagew means connecting.the hollow portions of said links to form an endless chamber, means for moving said conveyor continuously in a non-circular orbital path, a plurality of operating units carried by said conveyor, each including-a movable member and a pneumatic motor for actuating said movable motor, and means for continuously supplying pneumatic pressure to said endless chamber, and means for supplying pneumatic pressure from said endless chamber to said units for operating the pneumatic motor thereof.

5. In combination, a support, an endless, chaintype conveyor mounted on said support for moveto the position shown in Fig. 10, whereupon the completely formed article may be discharged in any suitable manner.

' It will be understood that the blank and blow molds and the neck ring, and also the parts used 1 therewith in the forming or an article, such for example as the neck pin, the combined settle blow head and counterblow baille, and the final blow bottomplate, are all preferably removable and interchangeable to provide for the making of articles of different shapes.

It will also be understood that all the actuating cams are preferably removable and interchangeably and/or adiustably associated with the machine so that a diflerent cycle may be employed, either by shifting the same cams to accomplish the same functions-at different parts of the path of the unit or by substituting other cams or both.

While there is herein shown and described but one principal embodiment of the invention and certain possible variations of certain portions thereof, 1 do not wish to be limited except by the scope of the appended claims, which are to be construed as broadly as the state of the prior art permits.

I claim:

1. Apparatus for forming hollow articles from moldable charges of plastic material, comprising a single chain-type conveyor, means for moving said conveyor in a non-circular orbital path, and a plurality of complete article-forming units carried by said conveyor, each of said units comprisinglda blank mold and a cooperative final blow mo 2. Apparatus. in accordance with claim 1, wherein said conveyor is moved continuously.

3. Apparatus for forming hollow glass articles, such as bottles of the narrow neck type, comprising a single chain-type conveyor, means for moving said conveyor continuously in a non-circular orbital path, a plurality of article-forming units, each of said units including a blank mold, a blow mold, a neck ring and a neck pin, all carried by said conveyor for movement therewith, means for opening and closing said molds and said neck ring, means for actuating said neck pin to move it to and from a position in operative-relation to said neck ring, means for settle blowing a charge of molten glass introduced into said blank mold, means for thereafter counterblowing the settled glass in said blank moldto form a blank or parison. and means for final'blowing a parison in said blow mold to form a completed article.

ment in respect thereto in a non-circular orbital path, said conveyor including a plurality of hollow links, passage means connecting hollowportions of said links to form an endless chamber, means for moving said conveyor continuously in said path, a plurality of operating units carried by said conveyor, each of said'units being operable by pressure fluid, movable members employing pressure fluid in connection with the operations thereof and carried by said conveyor respectively in association with said operating units for movement with said conveyor and for other movements by the associate operating units, means for continuously supplying said fluid to said endless chamber and means for intermittently delivering pressure fluid from said endless chamber to said units and to'said movable members in association with said units during the continuous movement thereof by said conveyor.

6. In combination, a support, an endless chaintype conveyor carried by-said support and arranged for movement in respect thereto in a nonclrcular orbital path, a hollow sprocket wheel rotatably mounted on said support for engagement with said conveyor, 9. series of hollow links 40 forming a part of said conveyor and together tion with the atmosphere so that the endless chain formed of said links forms a continuous 4. In combination, a single chain-type conveyor 7 -chamber or passage extending entirely therethrough, means for supplying vacuum to the interior of said sprocket wheel, means for continuously conducting the vacuum from the interior of said sprocket wheel to the chamber or passage within said links, a plurality of operating units carried by said conveyor and mechanically connected to said links, each of said operating units comprising a vacuum chamber having a diaphragm operatively mounted therein and a movable member having a driven connection with the diaphragm, and means for conducting the vacuum from the chamber or passage within said linlm to the vacuum chamber of each of said operating units.

'1. Apparatus in accordance with claim 30, wherein a plurality of operating units are carried by said conveyor, each of which includes operating means actuated by cam followers, and stationary cams located adjacent to the path of said conveyor ior actuating said operating means in response to the continuous movement of said conveyor.-

f 8,, Apparatus for supplying charges of plastic material in-a moldable condition to a plurality of forming molds moving continuously in a predetermined straight path, comprising means to deliver charges of said material downwardly at a assasvc single point,- stationary guiding. means to receive charges and to cause them, upon leaving the stationary guiding means, to move in a downwardly inclined path lying in the vertical plane including the path of the molds, and charge guiding means moving in the same direction and at substantially the same speed as the molds to guide the charges from said stationary guiding means into the molds.

9. Apparatus in accordance with claim 8, wherein said stationary guiding means are so constructed and arranged that the charges at the time they leave said stationary guiding means have a component of movement parallel with the movement of the molds and in the same direction.

10. Apparatus in accordance with claim 8, wherein said stationary guiding means are so constructed and arranged that the charges of plastic material at the time they leave said stationary guiding means will have a component ofvelocity parallel with the movement of the molds and in the opposite direction.

11. Apparatus for supplying charges of plastic material in a moldable condition to a plurality of 'forming molds moving continuously in a predetermined straight horizontal portion of an enda less path, comprising a stationary inclined chute for receiving charges of plastic material from a delivery means and constructed and arranged to direct them in a path lying in the vertical plane including the path of the molds and so that said charges on leaving said chute have a component of movement in the same direction as and parallel with the movement of the molds in said straight portion of their path, an endless conveyor by which said molds are carried, and charge guiding means for each of said molds carried by said conveyor for guiding charges of plastic material from said inclined chute into said molds during the continuous movement 01 the latter.

' 12. Apparatus in accordance with claim 11, wherein said inclined chute is so constructed and -an-anged as to impart to the charges of plastic material a velocity as they leave said inclined chute having a horizontal component in the same direction as and greater than the velocity of the 1 movement oi the molds in the portion or theirpath during which charges are supplied thereto, and wherein the charge guiding means moving with the molds comprises deflectors having charge uiding surfaces which are concavely'curved in longitudinal configuration.

13. Apparatus for forming hollow articles, such as bottles, of the narrow neck type from plastic material in a moldable condition, comprising an openable and closable blank mold, an openable and closable neck ring, and an openable and closable blow mold, an endless chain-type conveyor carryingsaid blank mold, said neck ring and said blow mold for movements with said conveyor along a non-circular orbital path lyingv in a substantially vertical plane, means for driving said conveyor, means for opening and closing said molds and said neck ring, a combined blow head and neck pin device also carried by said conveyor in position to cooperate with said blank mold and said neck ring when they are closed and the blow mold is open in the forming or a charge of the plastic material into a blank or parison and thereafter to cooperate with said blow mold after said blank mold and neck ring have been opened and the blow mold has been closed in the final blowing of such blankor parison to form a completed article, means associated with said blow head device for moving said neck pin to and from its operative position when said blow head device in cooperation with said neck ring, and means for supplying pressure through said blow head device for counterblowing a blank or parison in said blank mold and thereafter for blowing such blank or parison to final form in said blow mold.

14. Apparatus in accordance with claim 13, wherein said combined blow head and neck pin device comprises an outer casing forming a cylinder arranged in alignment with said molds when they are closed respectively, a piston in said cylinder, one end or which is arranged to cooperate with said neck ring during the counterblowing or a blank to form a parison, and subsequent to the opening of said neck ring, directly with said blow mold for the final blowing of an article, resilient means tending to retract said piston, said piston having an axial passage in which said neck pin is slidably disposed, and wherein said means for supplying pressure through said blow head device includes means for supplying fluid pressure to said cylinder on the side of said piston distant from said molds for moving said piston forwardly, and a bleed opening through said piston through which pressure may pass for expanding plastic material within said molds.

15. Apparatus for forming hollowarticles from piasticmaterial, comprising a combined bottom plate for a glass forming mold and takeout means cooperable with said mold, a vacuum passage through said bottom plate, a poppet valve controlling the entrance tosaid vacuum passage from the mold cavity and having a head forming a. part of the wall of said cavity when the valve is closed, means for applying vacuum to said passage, and means for imparting opening and closing movements to said valve, said last-named means being constructed and arranged to be operable by vacuum in said passage to cause opening of said valve.

16. Apparatus for forming articles from plastic material, comprising a single endless chain-type conveyor mounted for movement in an orbital path including twocurved portions and two straight portions intermediate said curved portions, a plurality of similar forming units, each comprising a blank mold, a neck ring, and afinal .blow mold carried by said conveyor in cooperative relation with one another, and means cooperating therewith to form charges of the plastic material into hollow articles of the final shape desired during the movement of the units along both the straight and curved portions of said conveyor path.

17. Apparatus in accordancewith claim 16, wherein timing and operating means are provided for controlling the forming operations of each unit, said timing and operating means being constmcted and arranged to cause the forming operment therewith so that'each neck ring is disposed in inverted position during its movement along said upper run of the conveyor and in upright position during its movement along said lower run, a plurality of blank molds carried by said 

